The Bessarion Manuscript
also known as Grotta Ferrata, gr. Gb1,
the
Patriarchal Euchologion
or as the George Varus manuscript
The Ordination of Women Deacons in the Byzantine/Greek Tradition
This manuscript, containing a ritual used by the Patriarch, is found in the Greek monastery of Crypta Ferrata. It was written at Constantinople itself in around 1020 AD. George Varus, a priest from Crete, had given it to Cardinal Julian of St. Sabina during the Council of Florence (1438 - 1445 AD). The rites contained in the text are very old, certainly not later than the 7th and 8th centuries AD. (Compare the text with the Barberini gr. 336 manuscript!) A definitive edition of the Greek text has been done by Miguel Arranz, "LEucologio Constantinopolitano agli Inizi del Secolo XI", Editrice Pontifica Università Gregoriana, Rome 1996. The text here published can be found on pages 153-160.
The manuscript had first been published and translated into Latin by John Morinus, in "Commentarius [sic!] de Sacris Ecclesiae Ordinationibus", publ. Kalverstraat, Antwerp 1695; here pp. 63 - 65. John Morinus says in his introduction: This is a very ancient codex, almost 700 years old . . .
The Bessarion Manuscript (Grottaferrata gr. Gb1)
"Text translated from the Greek, and made available on the Internet, by John Wijngaards".
In the original text, the ordination of the male deacon and the woman deacon are described separately. I publish them here side by side to show that the two ordinations are substantially the same.
MALE deacon |
WOMAN deacon |
§1. Prayers at the ordination (cheirotonia) of a deacon |
§1. Prayers at the ordination (cheirotonia) of a deaconess |
|
§2. After the sacred offertory, the doors [of the sanctuary] are opened and, before the Deacon starts the litany All Saints, and after the prayer his mercies has been said, the man who is to ordained Deacon is brought before the Archbishop. And when the Divine Grace [statement] (see text) has been said, the ordinand bends only the right knee. The Archbishop puts the sign of the cross on his forehead three times, keeps his hand imposed on his head and prays: |
§2. After the sacred offertory, the doors [of the sanctuary] are opened and, before the Deacon starts the litany All Saints, the woman who is to ordained Deacon is brought up [before the Archbishop]. And after he has said the Divine Grace [statement] (see text) with a loud voice, the woman to be ordained bows her head. The Bishop imposes his hand on her head , makes the sign of the cross on it three times, and prays: |
|
§3.Lord our God, in your providence you send the
working and abundance of your Holy Spirit on those who through your inscrutable
power are constituted liturgical ministers to serve your immaculate mysteries,
please, preserve, Lord, this man whom you want me to promote to the Deacon's
task [leitourgia of the diaconate], in all seriousness and strictness of
good behaviour, that he may guard the mystery of faith with a pure conscience.
|
§3.Holy and Omnipotent Lord, through the birth
of your Only Son our God from a Virgin according to the flesh, you have
sanctified the female sex. You grant not only to men, but also to women the
grace and coming (from above) of the Holy Spirit. Please, Lord, look on this
your maid servant and dedicate her to the task of your diaconate, and pour out
into her the rich and abundant giving of your Holy Spirit. |
|
§4. The Archdeacon now makes the intercessions, as stated before. Meanwhile the Archbishop keeping his hand on the head of the ordinand, prays as follows: |
§4. After the Amen, one of the Deacons now makes the usual intercessions. Meanwhile the Archbishop keeping his hand on the head of the woman to be ordained, prays as follows: |
|
§5.God, our Saviour, with incorruptible voice
you have foretold it, you announced that he would be first who would perform
the ministry of the diaconate, as is written in your holy Gospel: Who
ever wants to be first among you, must be your servant [diakonos],
please, Lord of all, fill this servant of yours whom you have made worthy to
enter the ministry [leitourgia] of Deacon, through the lifegiving coming of
your Holy Spirit with all faith, charity, power and holiness. |
§5.Lord, Master, you do not reject women who
dedicate themselves to you and who are willing, in a becoming way, to serve
your Holy House, but admit them to the order of your ministers
[leitourgôn]. |
|
§6.And after the Amen, the ordinands scarf [phenolis] is taken from him and [the Archbishop] imposes the stole [to horarion] on him. He kisses him and hands him the holy fan and makes him fan the holy gifts when they are exposed on the [altar] table. |
§6.The Archbishop puts the stole of the diaconate [to diakonikon horarion] round her neck, under her [woman's] scarf [maphorion], pulling the two extremities of the stole towards the front. |
|
§7. When [at the time of communion] the newly ordained has taken part of the sacred body, the Archbishop hands him the holy chalice. He in turn makes all those who approach him take part in the sacred blood. |
§7. When [at the time of communion] the newly ordained has taken part of the precious body and blood, the Archbishop hands her the holy vessel. She accepts it and, without distributing it to others, puts it back on the holy table [of the altar]. |
|
An analysis of this ordination rite shows that the ordination of the woman deacon is the same as that for the male deacon, and undoubtedly sacramental. |



